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Award-Winning Plant Meets Growing Needs Water & Wastes Digest April 2008 By Stratton Tragellis
A design-build-finance concept through one provider worked well for this Colorado plant
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Turning to Filtration Water & Wastes Digest December 2007 ITT/F.B. Leopold Co.
A deep-bed biofiltration system maintains nitrate/nitrogen compliance despite rapid service expansion
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Exploiting Surface Water Resources Water & Wastes Digest November 2007 By Evelyn M. Scibelli
Membrane ultrafiltration technology helps a Texas town get more from its unique aquifer

Bromley on Membranes: Assessing Membrane Technology Water & Wastes Digest November 2007 By David Bromley
A close look at the problem of membrane fouling

Retro Fit a Hit Water & Wastes Digest October 2007 By Hui Lin, P.E.
The sand filter basins at an Illinois treatment plant gained capacity from a cloth media filter retrofit

Going Multi-Barrier Water & Wastes Digest October 2007 By Daniel L. Willers, P.E.
Combining two-stage clarification, media filtration and UV disinfection to improve treatment plant performance

Recycling & Reusing Water & Wastes Digest September 2007 By Paul Schuler
The U.S. Army and Aqua Engineers team up to establish an award-winning wastewater reuse system on a Hawaiian Army base
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Implementing Pressure & Submerged Membrane Filtration Membrane Technology November 2006 Lisa Sorgini
Plant expansion doubles treatment capacity in half the footprint

South Bend Addresses Iron & Manganese Water & Wastes Digest October 2006 By Leo Zappa
Indiana company discovers a new way to remove iron & manganese from drinking water

Diamond in the Rough Water & Wastes Digest October 2006 By Keith Dayton
Cloth media filter retrofit solves hydraulic loading problem

How Long Can You Go? Water & Wastes Digest October 2006 By Mario Benisch, Dave Clark, April Z. Gu & JB Neethling
Recently, there has been increasing demand to achieve very low effluent total phosphorus (TP) due to more stringent discharge limits imposed on wastewater treatment plants.

Laser Nephelometers Provide Ultra-Sensitive Membrane Performance Monitoring Water & Wastes Digest September 2006 By Michael Sadar
Ultra-low turbidity detection helps water district protect public health, meet regulatory requirements

Using Technology to Address Odors Water & Wastes Digest August 2006 By Rick Parker
Biotrickling filter handles tough municipal odor control problems

Targeting Iron & Manganese in Drinking Water Water & Wastes Digest April 2006 By Andrew McClure
Synthetic alternative to greensand combines oxidation with filtration to remove unwanted contaminants more effectively

Trends in Drinking Water Treatment Water & Wastes Digest November 2005 By Philip J. Brandhuber, Ph.D.
Needs spur the development of new water treatment technologies that may be more effective, less costly

Do Membranes Fit Your Needs Water & Wastes Digest November 2005 Karen DeCampli

The Key to Future Wastewater Treatment Membrane Technology November 2005 By Dr. Klaus Vossenkaul

Membranes Offer Water Plant Flexibility Membrane Technology November 2005 Lisa Sorgini

Advantages of Pressure MF Systems Over Vacuum Systems Membrane Technology November 2005
Today, the value of the U.S. membrane market is more than $2 billion & growing at a rate of 8% per year.

Standing Up to a Stern Test Water & Wastes Digest October 2005 Nadia Abbott

Adapting to Arsenic Rules Water & Wastes Digest August 2005 By Wendy L. Chambers and Roman J. Aguirre
The proposal consisted of supplying more than 300 tons of GFH adsorption media and 35 large diameter pressure vessels, including instrumentation and controls as well as backwash storage tanks.

Reservoir Tank Is One of A Kind Water & Wastes Digest May 2005 By Judy Horning
This expansion project is part of a long-term citywide capital improvement program to improve the infrastructure and services that provide San Diegans with safe drinking water.

Time Saved Testing Pays Off Water & Wastes Digest May 2005 By Adam Potter
Many wastewater plants are switching from fecal coliforms to monitoring for E. coli and Enterococcus, because the EPA has identified these bacteria as the best indicators of fecal contamination in water.

Filtration Water Quality Products March 2005
Scale… it is a vicious never-ending problem that can kill the overall efficiency of water-cooling systems or towers. It can also clog sand-type filtering systems and turn the sand to cement, eventually shutting it down altogether.
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Sand Plays Prominent Role at Canadian Ski Lodge Water & Wastes Digest March 2005 By Dennis Hallahan, P.E.
These traditional technologies, often upgraded with new design and technology, provide quality treatment and disposal without the capital cost of sewering and centralized treatment plants.

Using Baseline Monitoring Techniques to Assess Filter Run Performance WWDmag.com January-December 2005 Michael J. Sadar and Kathleen Bill
Determining if a filter run is approaching a breakthrough condition is a daily challenge for water treatment plant (WTP) operators. Current techniques look for upward trends in either turbidity or particle counts of the filter effluent. However, this does not consistently predict actual filter breakthrough. This study’s objective is to determine if data from different particle detection technologies can be better utilized to characterize filter performance.
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The Application of Simplified Process Statistical Variance Techniques to Enhance the Detection of Filtration Integrity Loss WWDmag.com January-December 2005 Mike Sadar
Process monitoring for loss of filtration integrity is often performed using basic light scatter detection methods such as turbidity and particle counting. These methods monitor for the presence of particles in the filtration effluent (permeate). The industries where these parameters are most widely used include drinking water and ultra-pure water production. The recent upward trend in the application of membrane systems for drinking water production enhances the need for technologies with higher sensitivity and greater reliability because the loss of filtration integrity could directly impact human health.
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A Strategy for Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using Light Scatter Technologies WWDmag.com January-December 2005 Mike Sadar
This study hypothesizes that filter backwash cycles that are consistently monitored to a set turbidity value will correlate to a high performance filter run. If this is indeed true, the process will save the plant time and money. The costs and benefits of using laser nephelometers will be summarized in this study.
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Tapping into the Ocean Water & Wastes Digest January 2005 By Nikolay Voutchkov
The mineral/salt content of the water is usually measured by the water quality parameter total dissolved solids (TDS), in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per thousand (ppt).

Filtration In Water and Wastewater Analysis Water Quality Products December 2004 L.P. Raman
As simple as it looks, the filtration media and how it works is more complex that what meets the eye.
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A Permanent Element Water & Wastes Digest November 2004 A. R. Rubin
Reuse has been a common practice for generations. Only recently has it received the attention necessary to sustain it as an element of the onsite and decentralized wastewater industry

RO Can Make Sense Water & Wastes Digest November 2004 By Michael Norton, Birol Shaha and Dr. YuJung Chang
Pristine water is being used to irrigate golf courses. One choice may be to learn to use reclaimed water to do this job.

Water Treatment Desalination Systems Improve Efficiency and Maintenance Costs Water Quality Products October 2004
The geographically remote region around Puerto Bolívar is very arid, with desert-like conditions and little or no water available for the port’s operations.

The First Seven Years of Operation at an Ultrafiltration Plant Water & Wastes Digest October 2004 By James J. Vecchio and Antonia von Gottberg
Many membrane filtration plants for municipal applications have been installed over the last few years, but few plants have been in operation for seven years, and even fewer use the original membranes

Keeping Up With the Times Water & Wastes Digest October 2004 By Tim Gregorski
WWD examines some of North America’s the latest municipal upgrades.

Wastewater Treatment for Unserviced Land Development Water & Wastes Digest October 2004 By James Hotchkies
Residential, industrial, or recreational construction on non-sewered land frequently raises many questions about the most reliable and cost-effective strategy for managing the future wastewater stream.

After All These Years Water & Wastes Digest October 2004 By Ron Singleton
The Water District researched the many choices of filtration technologies available and eventually sent requests for proposals to six different manufacturers.

A Combination Deal Water & Wastes Digest October 2004
Fountain Hills combines cloth media filtration and membrane system to get quality effluent

The Technology of Choice Water & Wastes Digest October 2004 By Tim Gregorski
Membrane-related technology can offer near-complete treatment to a variety of water applications.

The Evolution of Low-Pressure, Immersed Membrane Technology Membrane Technology October 2004 by T. David Chinn, P.E.
Today, after nearly 25 years of championing the innovation and evolution of low-pressure, immersed membrane technology, ZENON continues to be a leader in this rapidly growing and dynamic market.

Addressing Membrane FAQs Membrane Technology October 2004 by Karen Decampli
With this growth and discovery stems questions about specific uses and maintenance.

Membranes Meet Total Water Treatment Needs for Growing City Membrane Technology October 2004 by Tom Foley
After more than two decades of outsourcing its wastewater treatment, city officials in American Canyon began to consider constructing plant of their own.

Science Applied to Optimize Membrane Treatment Membrane Technology October 2004 by Paul Dittman
CWS hired Black & Veatch (B&V) to evaluate a treatment system to process 20 MGD of water from the Kern River for the city of Bakersfield. B&V selected a treatment system that uses coagulation and sedimentation with ferric chloride as coagulant.

UF Pretreatment for RO Systems Membrane Technology October 2004 By John McArdle, Antonia von Gottberg, Ben Antrim and Dawn Halpern
Because of the increasing awareness of the need for adequate pretreatment, there has been significant interest in UF as pretreatment for RO for municipal applications in brackish and seawater desalination plants.

Membranes Offer Flexible & Economical Water Treatment Options Membrane Technology October 2004 by Stratton Tragellis and Ed Jordan
Innovative and highly adaptable membrane technologies are discussed in the following case studies

Mishawaka Utilities Serves Up High-Quality Water Water & Wastes Digest September 2004 By Wayne King
Two-phase water system expansion in Indiana depends on technological advancements

Providing a One-Two Punch Water & Wastes Digest September 2004 Lianna Mah
The Oakville plant treats 109 million liters per day of water from Lake Ontario.

New Desalination Method Reduces Energy Costs Water & Wastes Digest August 2004 By Denise Covelli
The Long Beach Seawater Desalination Research and Development Facility will be the nation’s largest, using dual-stage nanofiltration technology up to 30% more energy efficient than conventional methods

Tampa Bay Water’s Desalination Plant to Run Less Often, Undergo Repairs Water & Wastes Digest August 2004 By Denise Covelli
A critical 14-day performance test done in May 2003 uncovered 31 deficiencies in the plant.

DCWW Power, Politics and Paradigm Water & Wastes Digest August 2004 By Craig Lindell
However, its real capacity (decentralized wastewater treatment) to address budget challenges, nonpoint pollution and the watershed agenda remains unrealized.

Deconstructing Onsite Wastewater Treatment Water & Wastes Digest August 2004 A. R. Rubin
Throughout the country, onsite wastewater management systems commonly are used in rural and urban fringe areas.

Membrane Filtration Aids Spring Water Clean-up Water & Wastes Digest May 2004
“It was cost-effective, modular to fit our limited area, had a quiet backwash and filtered prechlorinated water.”

Double Dewatering Water & Wastes Digest February 2004
Completion of this project will make the Broward County facility one of the five largest belt filter press dewatering facilities in the U.S.

Filter Provides Legionella Barrier for Hospitals Water Quality Products November 2003
Point-of-use units are increasingly gaining acceptance in such applications as hospitals and nursing homes. This technology allows these facilities to produce high-quality water as needed at a lower cost.
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Activated Carbon for Bromate Reduction Water Quality Products November 2003 Kimberly D. Thompson and Neal E. Megonnell
Various authors have studied the use of activated carbon and for the most part have concluded activated carbon is not a cost-effective solution. However, these authors have failed to realize the limitations of carbon validation methods or the fact that not all carbons are alike, especially when chemical reactions control the process.
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Finding a Sweet Result Water & Wastes Digest October 2003 David Pearson
A new membrane filtration system manufactured by PCI Membrane Systems, Inc. allowed National Raisin Co. of Fowler, Calif., to not only cut their wastewater costs, but they have also opened up a potentially lucrative source of income.

Old School No Longer Water & Wastes Digest October 2003 Thomas C. Schwartz
When the country's oldest private boarding school had to upgrade and modernize its wastewater treatment facility, it employed a new and innovative technology to resolve an administrative consent order (ACO) to bring itself into compliance and avoid the possibility of paying hefty fines.

Talkin About Regeneration Water & Wastes Digest October 2003 Tim Gregorski
Studies show that membrane regeneration typically results in a 40% increase in permeate flow, a 38% decrease in differential pressure and a 3% increase in salt rejection. The Bakersfield membrane regeneration facility has the ability to process up to 60 membranes continuously for 24 hours a day, which allows the facility to produce better than average turn-around times.

Filtering Through the Options Water & Wastes Digest August 2003 Elaine Floyd
The Watsonville Wastewater Treatment Facility currently pumps 400 gallons per minute through the Tekleen water filter manufactured by Automatic Filters in Los Angeles.

Turnkey Automation Available To Water Works Industry Water & Wastes Digest August 2003 David Rizzo
Although the basic components of any filtering system include the filter console, the communications link, the actuators and the instrumentation, it is the turnkey integration of these components into a pre-packaged, pre-engineered and even pre-programmed system that merits its classification as a major step forward.

Farm Animals Need Clean Water, Too Water Quality Products July 2003
In 2001, the Minnesota State Fair built the Miracle of Birth Center to reflect modern animal production practices in the existing Children's Barnyard at the fairgrounds. Dechlorinated water was one very important step that could be made to keep the animals comfortable and healthy at the fair.
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Ion Exchange Resins and Processes for Industrial Water Treatment Water Quality Products July 2003 Wayne E. Bernahl, W. Bernahl Enterprises, Ltd.
Let's take a closer look at the technology and operation of ion exchange resins and processes used today in industrial water treatment systems.

NSF Conference Addresses Public Water System Compliance Using POU/POE Water Quality Products June 2003
In February, NSF International arranged for many experts to cover the issues and facets of point-of-use and point-of-entry (POU/POE), how they can be used for PWS compliance and other opportunities for the manufacturers and users. This article is intended to provide opinions and a broad conference overview.
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Arsenic Treatment Water Quality Products June 2003 Ley Hathcock, Ph.D., Rich Cavagnaro & Greg Gilles
A wide range of technologies, some new and some more traditional, is being marketed and applied for arsenic treatment. Each of these technologies has specific properties impacting its suitability for any particular scale of application. While rare, the ability of a single water treatment technology to perform effectively across many treatment platforms is not unique.
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E. Coli Water Quality Products May 2003 Danielle Duclos
This article provides a general overview of E. coli and drinking water as well as current and emerging monitoring and decontamination technologies.
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Chesapeake Seals the Deal Water Engineering & Management May 2003 Watertight Storm Sewer Group
The City of Chesapeake, Va. is located in the region called Hampton Roads, the 27th largest metro area in the country with more than 1.5 million residents. With an annual rainfall of approximately 48", its designers must contend with the prospects of determining where 294 billion gallons of water will go. A large share of this rainfall will find its way into the storm sewers. Last year, the City Council appropriated an extra $467,600 for contract cave-in repairs. The City of Chesapeake has recognized this problem and is developing a program to address it.
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George Warren Fuller, Industry Pioneer Water Engineering & Management May 2003 Bill Swichtenberg
The George Warren Fuller Award is presented annually to one member of each section of the American Water Works Association (AWWA). It is based on recommendations from the sections for distinguished service in the water supply field and "in commemoration of the sound engineering skill, the brilliant diplomatic talent and constructive leadership talent" that characterized Fuller's life.
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Advanced Surface Water Treatment Plant's Enhanced Coagulation Treatment Process Requires Tough Protective Coatings Water Engineering & Management May 2003 Lake H. Barrett, Jr.
Lake H. Barrett, Jr., is the director of water and wastewater operations at Tnemec in Kansas City, Mo. He holds a Bachelor's degree from Penn State University and is pursuing a Master's degree in management. He is an active member of SSAC, NACE, ASME, AWWA and WEF.
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Arsenic Removal System Keeps Village in Compliance Water Engineering & Management May 2003
A combination of increasing arsenic levels from the new well and the lowering of the MCL to 10 ppb has the water company concerned about meeting the new arsenic standards.
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Water Treatment: Thinking Small Water & Wastes Digest May 2003 Richard Merwin
As populations grow, as urban, suburban and ex-urban areas expand, demand for water increases and safety standards rise. An effective and creative way to deal with problems of growth and resource management might just be to think small. A case in point is the Olivenhain Municipal Water District's (OMWD) treatment facility in San Diego County, California.

Zero Waste: A Look at the Future of Reverse Osmosis Water Quality Products March 2003 Josh Hanford, Watts Industries
Most reverse osmosis systems waste as much as 20 gallons just to produce one gallon of product water. The new technology called "ZeroWaste" eliminates this problem by returning the concentrate water from the reverse osmosis system back to the home's plumbing, resulting in 100 percent efficiency.
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Filtration Fundamentals Water Quality Products March 2003 Bill Kavey
Over the years, water quality has noticeably deteriorated worldwide. This decline in water quality stems from the extreme demand on very limited natural resources. Various principles of filtration are used in many applications to improve the general quality of the water that is being treated. Along with screen filters, coagulation/filtration, neutralizing filters, oxidizing filters, clairifying filters and carbon filters are other treatment methods that may be used.
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Greensand Process Removes Iron, Manganese, Arsenic from Groundwater Water & Wastes Digest March 2003
Manganese greensand is a specially processed medium for iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulphide removal. This premium non-proprietary filter medium is processed from glauconitic greensand on which a shiny, hard finite thickness manganese oxide coating is formed and is firmly attached on every grain by a controlled process.

Arsenic Treatment Options for the Southwest Water Quality Products February 2003 Arizona Water Quality Association
While high concentrations of arsenic are found mostly in the Western region of the United States, parts of the Midwest and New England show levels of arsenic that exceed the newly approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard of 10 parts per billion (ppb). Individuals not willing to wait for their water system's compliance with the arsenic standard currently are looking for treatment systems to use in their homes. POU and even point-of-entry (POE) treatment systems are an attractive solution for these individuals. The process should begin with a basic understanding of arsenic contamination and the element's chemistry, a complete water quality analysis of the application-specific water and the knowledge of available technologies.
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Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis Water Quality Products February 2003 Tony Pagliaro
As the residential point-of-use (POU) reverse osmosis (RO) industry approaches its 35th anniversary, it is time for a reality check on the industry's progress to date as well as a look ahead to new technologies or improvements that the industry may introduce for POU RO systems in 2003.
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Municipalities Tap into Benefits of EDR Water Treatment Water Engineering & Management February 2003
No one wants to drink radium, nitrates or arsenic. However, if not for some technologically advanced methods of removing these contaminants, we all might be sipping on some very unhealthy water.
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Integrated Technology Simplifies Dewatering Process at Two Municipal STPs Water & Wastes Digest February 2003 Robert W. Mau, USFilter
The borough of West Mifflin, Penn., is a community located about nine miles southeast of downtown Pittsburgh. For years, the West Mifflin Sanitary Sewer Municipal Authority (WMSSMA) hauled liquid from its New England STP (a 1.2 mgd plant) to the Thompson Run facility (a 4.5 mgd plant), where it was processed on a belt press for dewatering. However, the hauling and associated labor proved very costly, and it was not always easy to coordinate dewatering schedules for both plants. Additionally in the late 1990s, the WMSSMA faced a requirement to achieve higher cake solids and provide odor control that would respect nearby homes and businesses. Moreover, space constraints and staffing reductions necessitated a simple-to-operate installation.

Reverse Osmosis - Anion-Filtration Water Plant Run by a Single Automation Platform with Fieldbus Communications Water Engineering & Management January 2003 Robert Oreskovich, John Contestable, Ken Flatt, Ian C. Watson, P.E., and John Rifleman
A new 3.0 mgd water treatment plant on North Carolina's Cape Hatteras is believed to be the first in the United States to apply Foundation fieldbus for device-level control communications. The plant, built by the Dare County Water Department near the famous Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, has been operating without a problem since startup more than two years ago. Fieldbus has been widely applied in all process industries including electric power generation, an industry also cautious to adapt new technology.
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A New Option in Valve Actuators Strengthens Control of Filtering Operations Water Engineering & Management January 2003
Water works engineers are now turning to a new generation of pneumatic valve actuators that are capable of executing the instructions of electronic control systems with the necessary precision to accurately control effluent flow. Surprisingly simple but rugged in construction, this new breed of actuators also is meeting the need to reduce downtime, as some of the first ones to debut in 1981 are still in operation without needing a spare (new) part.
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Dried Up: Raisin Producer's New Process Cuts Wastewater and Odors Water Engineering & Management January 2003 David Pearson
Thanks to a new membrane filtration system, National Raisin Company, Fowler, Calif., not only has been able to cut its wastewater costs, but it also has opened up a potentially lucrative source of additional income.
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Arsenic Overview Series - Part 1 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Sherry Odom
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal found in rocks and soil, which can be released into the environment through geological events such as volcanic activity and erosion. Other releases of arsenic into the environment occur through industrial processes such as production of paints, metals, soaps, dyes, drugs, semi-conductors and wood preservatives, as well as in mining and smelting.

Arsenic Overview Series - Part 2 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Sherry Odom
Consumers unwilling to drink arsenic contaminated water are demanding a more rapid implementation. Publicly owned utilities, however, will be held hostage from implementing a more rapid solution due to government approval cycles, annual budgets, required biding processes and slow implementation schedules. As a result, in-home treatment systems, which immediately can be installed, are a very popular treatment option for individual homeowners. Other advantages such as low implementation/operating costs and improved flexibility make the POU/POE approach option appealing.

Arsenic Overview Series - Part 3 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Sherry Odom
In addition to officially sponsored research projects being performed throughout the world (see Section V for more information on research), many universities, government organizations and industry professionals are active in providing solutions to this issue. The following papers have been presented on arsenic treatment, health effects or policy issues at various tradeshows and conferences throughout the United States.

Arsenic Overview Series - Part 4 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Sherry Odom
Current Legislative Issues

Arsenic Overview Series - Part 5 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Sherry Odom
Research on arsenic can be broken down into three general areas -- health effects, treatment options and cost evaluations.There are more than 1,000 published research papers on health effects alone. This section provides an over-view of the most prominent research related to these areas which have impacted EPA’s decisions. There also are links to research organizations that can provide access to the specific projects conducted.

Arsenic Overview Series - Part 6 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Sherry Odom
What research is being done at University's throughout the US? Colleges and universities across the U.S. are continuing their efforts in educating the population on the subject of arsenic. Both public and private universities are contributing their time, money, and expertise in areas of arsenic research such as geochemistry, health effects, and treatment options. Research programs, such as the ones listed below, are just a glimpse of the ongoing studies for arsenic. Ongoing research is necessary in order to continue to develop efficient and cost-effective solutions for the far-reaching problem of arsenic contamination.

Arsenic Overview Series - Part 7 WaterInfoCenter January-December 2003 Wes McGowan
These terms are pulled from "All About Water: An Illustrated Dictionary of Water Terminology" by Wes McGowan

ETV Testing Verifies Membrane Filtration Plant Treats Surface Water, Meets D/DBP Rule Water Quality Products December 2002 PCI Membrane Systems, Inc.
A study published as part of the EPA's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program verifies the performance of a Fyne Process membrane filtration plant tested on high organic-laden surface water in Barrow, Ark. The plant was able to remove significant levels of organics--precursors to disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA)--producing water that easily met the disinfection byproduct standards set by the EPA's stringent Stage 1 D/DBP Rule.
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Desalination in America Water Quality Products November 2002 John B. Tonner, Water Consultants International
On average there are 50 to 75 significant desalination projects per year in the United States with an average capacity of approximately 1 million gallons per day. The majority of these projects utilize membrane processes such as nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO).
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Australian Microfiltration System is World's Largest For Potable Water Treatment Water & Wastes Digest November 2002
The AQUA 2000 Project is a build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) project, delivered and operated by Vivendi Water Australia. It includes the construction and operation for 25 years of a water treatment scheme for the Coliban Water Authority in Victoria, located in southeastern Australia.

Filter Housing Design Fits Height, Seismic Stress Needs Water & Wastes Digest November 2002
Occasionally, height is an issue in a filtration system's housing design. A few years ago, Eden Equipment Company of Huntington Beach, Calif., was approached by a client with just this issue. Due to the client's specific requirements for their system, Eden's original ideas and drawings for this horizontal vessel needed to be redesigned. In addition to the height restrictions on their system, they also needed a design that could withstand a Seismic Zone 4 earthquake.

Integrated Technology Simplifies Dewatering Process at Two Municipal STPs Water & Wastes Digest October 2002
In the late 1990s, one western Pennsylvania sewage treatment plant (STP) sought to process Class B biosolids on-site, eliminating the expense of hauling liquid off-site and significantly decreasing associated labor costs. At the same time, the plant needed to achieve higher cake solids and provide strict odor control. In addition, the selected equipment also had to be able to greatly enhance process efficiencies at not just the one plant, but its sister facility as well. Fortunately, USFilter offered a fairly simple solution to meet the STP's seemingly complex needs.

Ultraviolet Dechlorination Technology Water Quality Products July 2002 Aquionics
At the Procter & Gamble manufacturing plant in Greensboro, N.C., an Aquionics ultraviolet (UV) dechlorination unit was installed before two banks of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Trials that ran soon after the UV system’s installation showed a dramatic reduction in the RO membrane wash frequency—down from an average of eight cleanings per month to only two per month.
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The Great Activated Carbon Dilemma Water Quality Products July 2002 Neal Megonnell, Calgon Carbon Corp
Drinking water treatment professionals have long held fast to the belief that granular activated carbon (GAC) based on bituminous coal provides the best performance for their demanding application. That’s why, when an article in 1999 cited evidence that a lignite-based GAC outperformed a bituminous-based carbon, industry experts were surprised and more than a bit skeptical.
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Revisiting the Selection of Stainless Steel in Water and Wastewater Treatment Environments: Part 3 Water Engineering & Management July 2002 Frederick Bloetscher, Richard J. Bullock, Robert E. Fergen, Gerhardt M. Witt, and Gary D. Fries
Based on the City of Hollywood’s experience, the use of 316L stainless steel should be evaluated carefully due to the potential for problems in the erection and construction of water treatment facilities that will be in contact with high chloride water and/or other corrosive chemistries. As with many membrane facilities, much of the stainless steel is exposed (not buried), which subjected it to atmospheric as well as water quality problems. Therefore, unless the quality control of the raw and reject water (chemical, physical and microbial) can be assured, 316L stainless steel may not be the appropriate material for engineers to specify.
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Stormwater Treatment: A Look at Various Methods, Hydrodynamic Separators Water & Wastes Digest July 2002
Since the passing of the Clean Water Act, the industry has made great strides in improving the quality of point source discharges to the environment. As treatment technologies continue to improve, non-point source pollution becomes a more significant contributor to environmental degradation.

Small Site Dictates Stormwater Treatment Solution in Mich. Redevelopment Water & Wastes Digest July 2002
Ann Arbor, a densely populated university town of 180,000, has been seeing an increase in urban redevelopment pressure in recent years as developable land has become scarce and land values have risen. The city of Ann Arbor has worked closely with the County Drain Commissioner’s office to use this redevelopment as an opportunity to improve the quality of stormwater flowing into the county drains.

Evaluating Activated Carbons Water Quality Products June 2002 Henry Nowicki, Ph.D., Mick Greenbank, Ph.D. and Homer Yute, M.S., PACS
New challenges are emerging in the industry that require new methods and product developments. This article discusses additional test methods for the AC industry.
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Membranes: Fouling & Cleaning Water Quality Products May 2002 Bjarne Nicolaisen
Membrane technology offers the possibility of managing total water resources. The spiral wound membrane element configuration is the most widely used due to its high packing density and relatively low price. This article will describe some technological advances in the area of innovative new membranes and application concepts for spiral wound membrane elements.
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Growing Awareness of POU Water Quality Products May 2002 Glenn Land and Bill Harrison
The future of safe drinking water lies squarely in the hands of the point-of-use (POU) water purification industry. Growing awareness among decision-makers and consumers is the force behind the increasing importance of the POU industry.
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Packaged Treatment Plant Treats Tough Water Supplies Consistently, Economically Water & Wastes Digest May 2002 Darin St. Germain
Since the 1960s, municipalities and industries have used packaged water treatment plants to successfully and economically treat small water supplies. These packaged plants have offered a smaller footprint, lower capital cost and easy operation.

Using Advanced Adsorptive Media for Arsenic Treatment Water Engineering & Management April 2002 Greg Gilles and Jennifer Mathis
On November 26, 2001, the new arsenic standard was signed into law—lowering the acceptable level for the contaminant from 50 parts per billion (ppb) to 10 ppb. Approximately 4,100 municipal water systems serving nearly 13 million people nationwide are affected by the law and are required to meet compliance by January 2006. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 97 percent of these systems are small systems serving fewer than 10,000 people each. The economic impact on these small systems is likely to be large. However, there currently are options available to small municipalities that may be more affordable than central treatment.
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Making the Filtration Buying Process Easier for Your Customers Water Quality Products March 2002 By David M. Marsh
If you’ve seen it once, you’ve seen it a hundred times—customers who come to you looking for a home filtration system, unaware of what their specific needs are. While many consumers simply want a system that improves their water’s taste and aesthetic qualities, the majority are looking for a product that will make their water healthier. But as you know, “healthier” is a subjective term, and without knowing the issues that are present in the customer’s water, providing them with a system that fits their needs isn’t very easy to do.

Production of High Purity Water From Seawater Water Quality Products March 2002 Contributed by Ted Prato, Erik Schoepke, Lance Etchison, Tom O’Brien, Brian Hernon and Kit Perry, I
The Diablo Canyon Power Plant at Avila Beach in California utilizes seawater for both cooling water and makeup water for steam generation. Ionics, Inc., Watertown, Mass., designed and built and now operates a complete water treatment system serving the high-purity water needs of this power plant. Over the past eight years, the seawater treatment section has demonstrated excellent long-term performance as a result of strong design, consistent maintenance and qualified operators.

Project Compares Brackish Water Desalination Technologies – Part 2 Water Engineering & Management March 2002 Jim Passanisi, Janet Persechino and Todd K. Reynolds
Part one of this article appeared in the February issue and described how nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis reversal are being run side-by-side at the Brackish Water Demonstration Facility in California.
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Project Compares Brackish Water Desalination Technologies - Part 1 Water Engineering & Management February 2002 Jim Passanisi, Janet Persechino and Todd K. Reynolds
In Port Hueneme, California, a state-of-the-art desalination facility uses three brackish water desalination technologies: reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and electrodialysis reversal (EDR), operated side-by-side to produce over three million gallons per day (mgd) of high quality drinking water. The Brackish Water Reclamation Demonstration Facility (BWRDF) is the cornerstone of the Port Hueneme Water Agency’s (PHWA) Water Quality Improvement Program. In addition to providing desalted water for local use, the BWRDF also serves as a full-scale research and demonstration facility.
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Boost POE Sales by Leveraging the New Arsenic Standard Water Quality Products February 2002 Craig Winter, CWS-III, EnviroInvestigations &Remediation
Recent market research showed that more than 73 percent of consumers prefer to consult with a water treatment professional when dealing with arsenic. Combining this inclination with the preference for the POE approach, the treatment professional has a unique opportunity to generate significant new revenue from POE sales with minimal upfront effort.
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Legionella Management and Monitoring: Part 2 Water Quality Products February 2002 Paul S. Warden, Kristen S. Fallon, Ph.D., M.S.E.L., & Colin R. Fricker, Ph.D.
Well-designed water distribution and cooling systems, coupled with sound management and operational procedures, are essential to control Legionella in industrial facilities—and a monitoring program should not be considered as a replacement. However, most experts even those ill-disposed towards routine Legionella monitoring, would agree that monitoring should be considered if enough legionellosis risk factors apply to the system in question. No management program, regardless of its treatment, maintenance or monitoring components, can guarantee the absence of future legionellosis, but prudent operational practices combined with ongoing review of risk factors will allow facility managers to minimize exposure to Legionella and to its legal consequences.
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Innovations in the Activated Carbon Industry Water Quality Products February 2002 Henry Nowicki, Barbara Sherman and Homer Yute
Like an international cookbook, the attendees of the Ninth Annual International Activated Carbon Conference (IACC) from around the world contributed to a recipe for a successful future for the activated carbon industry. Speakers brought their new ideas and on-going practices together. This annual conference had guests from all over the United States, Canada, Australia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and India. The conference connects buyers, sellers and users of activated carbon and related materials and services.
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RO Maintenance Water Quality Products January 2002 Nevin Rudie
Understanding and reacting to the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) system is necessary for continued successful operation. It is this interaction that allows us to quickly and correctly identify and correct issues that may arise.
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Slowsand - Nanofiltration in Small Drinking Water Systems